RESUMO
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Since June 2016, there have been outbreaks of hepatitis A in various European countries, mainly affecting men who have sex with men (MSM). The aim of this study was to assess their clinical and epidemiological impact in Cantabria, Spain. MATERIAL AND METHODS: We retrospectively collected all cases of hepatitis A diagnosed in Cantabria between January 2013 and September 2018. We compared 2 periods: January 2013-May 2016 and June 2016-September 2018. RESULTS: A total of 156 cases were diagnosed, observing an increase in the incidence starting in October 2016. With regard to 2013-2016, we observed a higher proportion of men (50.0% vs. 84.5%; p=.012) with a predominance of the homosexual orientation (80.6%) and a higher rate of sexual transmission (0% vs. 48.3%; p=.061) for the patients in the 2016-2018 period. From the clinical standpoint, all cases of severe hepatitis occurred during this latter period. CONCLUSIONS: Our results reaffirm the high clinical and epidemiological impact of the epidemic outbreak in Cantabria and emphasizes the need for optimising the current prevention measures against hepatitis A.
RESUMO
Objetivo. Determinar qué técnica de ampliación vesical en ratas puede ofrecer los mejores resultados funcionales e histológicos. Diseño. Estudio experimental comparativo entre parámetros pre y postoperatorios de 60 ratas Wistar hembra divididas en cinco grupos según la técnica de ampliación vesical utilizada: sham, colocistoplastia (CC), colocistoplastia desmucosada (DCC), colocistoplastia seremuscular cubierta de urotelio (AADCC) y autoaumento vesical (AA). Instrumentalización. Cistometría preoperatoria.Ampliación vesical usando diversas técnicas. Cistomanometría al mes postoperatorio, previa al sacrificio del animal y extracción de la vejiga para su estudio histológico. Medición del volumen y presión de ruptura. Resultados. La técnica de enterocistoplastia seromuscular presenta una alta mortalidad en la rata (63,6 por ciento). El aumento del volumen vesical producido en los dos grupos que portaban injerto seromuscular fue escaso (0,22 +/- 0,5 y 0,47 +/- 0,3 ml) frente al grupo de control (0,11 +/- 0,4ml). Sólo la colocistoplastia estándar y el autoaumento vesical produjeron aumentos significativos tanto del volumen vesica (0,78+/-0,5 y 0,69+/-0,6 ml, respectivamente) como del volumen de ruptura. No se observaron diferencias significativas en cuanto a la presión de ruptura vesical (AU)
Assuntos
Ratos , Animais , Feminino , Membrana Serosa , Ratos Wistar , Urotélio , Músculo Liso , Colo , Bexiga UrináriaRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: To determine what technical of vesical extension in rat can offer the best functional and histological results. DESIGN: Comparative experimental study between pre and postoperative parameters of 60 female Wistar rats. The animals were divided in 5 groups using different techniques of vesical augmentation. Sham, colocystoplasty (CC), demucosalised colocystoplasty (DCC), demucosalised colocystoplasty lined by urothelium (AADCC), autoaugmentation (AA). INTERVENTIONS: Preoperative cystometrical study. Microsurgery for vesical augmentation. New cystometric study at the month, previous to the sacrifice of the animal and extraction of bladder for its histological study. Measurement of the volume and pressure of rupture. RESULTS: The technique of seromuscular enterocistoplasty presents the high mortality in the rat (63.6%). The increase of the vesical volume in both groups that carried seromuscular grafts was little (0.22 +/- 0.5 and 0.47 +/- 0.3 ml) in front of the control group (0.11 +/- 0.4 ml). Only standard colocystoplasty and bladder autoaugmentation produced significant increases on vesical volume (0.78 +/- 0.5 and 0.69 +/- 0.6 ml, respectively) and rupture volume. There were not observed significant differences on vesical rupture pressure.
